Abstract-This paper presents an overview of current design techniques for operational amplifiers implemented in CMOS and NMOS
technology at a tutorial level. Primary emphasis is placed on CMOS amplifiers because of their more widespread use. Factors affecting voltage gain, input ,noise, offsets, common mode and power supply rejection, power dissipation, and transient response are considered for thetraditional bipolar-derived two-stage architecture. Alternative circuitapproaches for optimization of particular performance aapects are summarized, and examples are given.
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2022-09-09
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